Researches on minera nutrition. physiology and physiological diseases, cultivation methods. breeding. pest control, quality management and extension during 1976-1995 in Korea were reviewed. Review in breeding and pest control was restricted to the researches directely related to cultivation. Mineral nutrient uptake, partion and various factors such as top dressing, light intensity etc, and interrelationship between minerals were investigated. Top dressing was not effective due to low mineral requirement. Physiological characteristics on temperature, light and water were well elucidated and applied to assess traditional cultivation method and its inovation. Photosynthetic pigments, light harvest proteins and activity of related enzymes were studied. In nitrogen metabolism arginine. proline, ammonium, threonine appeared to have important role in regrowth of shoot. Saponin metabolism was studied in relation to growth and new ginsenosides were found but physiological role of saponin was not clearly elucidated yet. Endogenous growth regulators were reported and various exogenous growth regulators were studied for growth stimulation. short stem and seed pruning etc. Various physiological diseases were investigated for cause and control measures were established. Water culture was little studied. Forest culture was studied but not reached the recommendable stage. Drip irrigation. straw mulching, seasonal shading and soil preparation method including soil fertility adjustment were established for practical application. Shading materials completly changed to polyethylene net and materials of polymers. The research on ginseng cultivation in paddy field opened the way to establish the permanent ginseng cultivation plantation. Ginseng harvester and seeder were developed in the late 1980s. Transplanter and many other machines were developded in the early 1990s. In ginseng breeding only pure line selection was of practical significance. Several verieties were at the stage of seed propagation at. ginseng plantations. Mutation breeding (γ-ray, x-ray, chemicals) was not successful. The research on plantlet formation through tissue culture was a little progressed but still far behind to vegetative propagation. Disease control research was concentrated in the isolation and identification of pathogens, their ecological characteristics and biological control and soil humigation. Potato root rot nematodes was found and control method was established. Insect and small animal control research was greatly progressed in identification, ecological investigation, and ecological and physical control. Weed control was less important due to the development of mulching method of ridge and ditch. Quality factors of raw ginseng in relation to red ginseng process were extensively studied. Traditional quality measures were elucidated in accordance with modern analytical chemistry resulting in the importance of peptides in the central part rather than ginsenosides. For large root production growth promoting rootzone microorganisms (PGPRM) were isolated and active compounds were identified. Field test on PGPRM was on going. Various methods for quality improvement through cultivation were developed. Management research of ginseng production was rare. Extension was active through official and private organizations and through workshop for the extension specialists. and direct lectures to grower´s. Extension services made the researcher to understand the existing problems at grower´s fields. Research environment for ginseng production was in prime time only for three years when Korea Ginseng Research Institute was established then gradually aggravated.
trol research was greatly progressed in identification, ecological investigation, and ecological and physical control. Weed control was less important due to the development of mulching method of ridge and ditch. Quality factors of raw ginseng in relation to red ginseng process were extensively stuc ed. Traditional quality measures were elucidated in accordance with modern analytical chemistry resulting in the importance of peptides in the central part rather than ginsenosides. For large root production growth promoting rootzone microorganisms (PGPRhf- ) were isolated and active compounds were identified. Field test on PGPRM was on going. Various methods for quality improvement through cultivation were developed. Management research of ginseng production was rare. Extension was active through official and private organizations and through workshop for the extension specialists. and direct lectures to grower´s. Extension services made the researcher to understand the existing problems at grower´s fields. Research environment for ginseng production was in prime time only for three years when Korea Ginseng Research Institute was established then gradually aggravated.
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